对立与偏向:美国另类媒体的反全球化叙事

Oppositions and Biases:How NYT and AlterNet Tell Tales about Anti-Globalization Movement

在逆全球化成为美政府的主导政策之前,另类媒体一直是美国反全球化话语的大本营,而主流媒体正好相反。本文以《纽约时报》为参照系,比较了美国另类媒体的代表AlterNet的议题结构与报道框架。研究发现,有关全球化议题的报道中,《纽约时报》的版面设置较为平衡,注重“全球化论争”,而AlterNet的栏目以政治新闻为主,偏向行动主义类议题;在文本结构方面,AlterNet偏向片段性而非主题性的报道框架;在通用框架方面,虽然两者都使用了“冲突”“人情味”框架,但AlterNet偏向前者,《纽约时报》则不然;在功能框架方面,在使用诊断框架后,《纽约时报》少有“揭秘”和“预后”框架,AlterNet则针对有关问题进行了揭秘式报道,兼有策划、动员和解决措施的“鼓动”报道。以上差异化报道,共同勾勒出美国不同话语主体“全球化论争”的轮廓,为我国全球话语治理提供了一定的叙事线索。

Before 2016,American alterative media have been remained as the amplifier of the anti-globalization discourse for years,and it is vice versa of American mainstream media.All this has been reversed after Donald Trump claimed his power into American Administration.To highlight the features of AlterNet's news making and narrative strategies,this paper selects the reports(1999-2014)(N=196)of The New York Times(NYT)and AlterNet on anti-globalization movement as research samples.And it finds out that when reporting,the columns AlterNet takes were mainly“news and politics”,preferring themes like“Activism”rather than other issues such as economics'or"business".While NYT focused on“globalization debate”,its columns are more balanced than AlterNet's.In terms of text structure,NYT uses thematic.and episodic frame equally while AlterNet turns to the episodic one mostly.When using general frames like“conflicting arousing”and“being sympathetic”,AlterNet prefers the former whereas NYT the latter.As to the functional frames,after taking the diagnostic frame,NYT does not plan or muckrake,while AlterNet consistently reports with clear standpoints,advocating and even proposing solutions to what it had reported.