中国互联网治理模式嬗变研究——基于历史制度主义“T-AIEB”阐释模型的分析

Transmutation of Chinese Internet Governance Model——Analysis Based on Historical Institutionalism“T-AIEB”Interpretation Model

历史制度主义关注时间(Time)、行动者(Actors)、理念(Ideas)、效果(Effect)、受益者(Beneficiaries)等变量以及变量之间的互动关系,其生成的“T-AIEB”阐释模型,可以作为研究中国互联网技术变革和治理模式嬗变的重要观察工具。近三十年来,中国互联网治理模式在不同时间段内呈现出不同的主导性治理模式,大致可以概括为技术治理模式(1994—1997)、媒体治理模式(1998—2008)、安全治理模式(2009—2015)、场景治理模式(2016—2020)和生态化治理模式(2021—)。治理模式嬗变的内生动力源自互联网自身的技术演进以及呈现为更替、层叠、转换特征的渐进性制度变迁。当前,中国互联网治理重点向新型基础架构层的自主可控方向转移,治理理念向“重生态”更迭,治理格局实现了由“我”到“我们”的全球转向。未来,中国将以自组织的数智世界为发展目标,形成更加适用于虚拟与现实、社会与国家、国家与世界和谐共生的治理模式。

Historical institutionalism focuses on variables such as time,actors,ideas,effect and Beneficiaries and the interaction between variables.The“TAIEB”interpretation model generated by historical institutionalism can be an important observation tool to study the technological change and governance model evolution of China’s Internet.In the past three decades,China’s Internet governance model has presented different dominant governance models in different periods of time.It can be roughly classified as Technology governance model(1994-1997),Media governance model(1998-2008),Security governance model(2009-2015),Scene governance model(2016-2020)and Ecological governance model(2021-).The endogenous power of the transmutation of governance model is derived from the technological evolution of the Internet itself,and the gradual institutional change characterized by replacement,layering and conversion.At present,the focus of Internet governance in China is shifting to the autonomous and controllable direction of new infrastructure layer.The governance concept is changing to“ecological”.And the governance structure has realized the global shift from“I”and“We”.In the future,China will develop a self-organized digital world as its development goal,and form a governance model that is more suitable for harmonious coexistence between the virtual and the real,between society and the state,between the state and the world.