国际广播机构的多重属性互动:以变动中的德国之声为例

Multiple Interactions among Institutional Properties in International Broadcasting:Reviewing Deutsche Welle in Upheaval

在现代大众传播的图谱上,国际广播机构具有独特的传播特征。本文从媒介机构研究的视角,以德国之声为例探讨国际广播机构的多重属性及各种属性间的动态关系。根据访谈和相关史料的研究发现,第一,国际广播机构常具有公共服务广播、公共外交工具、独立新闻机构等多重属性;第二,国际广播机构往往具有独立于其所在国主要媒体体制的"特权",在自身定位、价值取向和新闻理念等方面表现出特殊性;第三,在多元权力关系的作用下,国际广播机构的诸种属性呈现出既有机结合又持续冲突的矛盾状态,这成为广播机构的实际行动纲领。从多重属性的角度看待国际广播,能够更加全面地理解西方国际广播机构的复杂行为,避免陷入制度决定论的分析窠臼。

On the horizon of modern mass communication,international broadcasting institutions possess unique positions and characteristics.From the perspective of media institution analysis,this paper takes Deutsche Welle as an example to discuss the multiple properties of international broadcasting institutions and the dynamic relationship among various properties.Through the analysis of semi-structured interviews and historical documents,it is found that,firstly,international broadcasters often have multiple properties such as public service broadcasting,public diplomacy tools,independent media organizations,etc;Secondly,international broadcasting institutions often have the“privilege”of independence from the media systems in their countries,and show particularities in their institution-identity,value and professional orientations;Thirdly,under the influence of multiple power relations,various properties of international broadcasting organizations are continuously undergoing conflicts and contradictions,that are transformed into their professional practices.Analyzing international broadcasting from the perspective of multiple properties can provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex behaviors of western international broadcasters and thus avoid the media-system-determinism restrictions.