寻找理想的听障手语主播:探讨1978年以来中国无障碍电视及其研究之政策、实践与展望

In Pursuit of Ideal Deaf Sign Language Anchors:On Policy,Practice,and Prospect of Chinese Barrier-free Television Since 1978

自1978年首个电视手语节目录播至今,以手语播报为主要表现形式的中国无障碍电视已走过四十年发展历程,与改革开放同步。同时空的核心历史文献聚焦于政策环境、节目质量、手语主播三个视角。总体而言,中国已初步建立具有中国特色社会主义的无障碍传播政策体系且彰显了其优越性,相应的手语节目及人才培养实践发展迅速。电视媒体已成为视听障碍受众最倚重的专业信源,同时在内容供给、概念厘清、播报语境等方面多有努力空间。理想的手语节目的制胜关键在于寻找集职业性、规范性、可接近性于一身的聋人手语主播,相应的理论建构也可依此范式进行整合。

This study summarizes the reality,predicament,and prospect of Chinese sign language television viavalid literature covering the years 1978-2018.Three historic perspectives,including policy environment,program quality and sign language anchors,have been taken into consideration.It is found that during the past 40 years of reform and opening,there has been certain gaps between the TV development and audience’s demands based on the contexts of information equality,audiovisual accessibility and barrier-free communication advocated by international society,which addressed following topics:1.the narrowing social and market participation embedded in the pure public welfare mode;2.the insufficient supply of barrier-free media products;3.the confused concepts and usages of sign language anchor and interpreters;4.the rare employment opportunities of deaf anchors;and 5.healthy anchors and sign language interpreters are often lacking characters due to the single broadcasting context.As such,a significant observation from this review is that ideal anchors for sign language TV should be unified by professionalism,normativeness,and accessibility.Last but not the least,paradigm integration for theoretical construction is necessary for Chinese deaf sign language anchors and Chinese barrier-free television.