钕铁硼废料综合回收技术的研究进展

Research Progress and Prospect of Comprehensive Recycling Technologies for NdFeB Magnet Waste

我国是全球最大的钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁材料生产基地和消费市场。在NdFeB永磁材料生产加工过程中以及含有NdFeB永磁材料的报废产品中产生大量的NdFeB废料。对NdFeB废料进行回收再利用有助于建设稀土资源高效的循环经济体系,对保持我国稀土资源优势和环境安全具有重要的战略意义。本文对现有的NdFeB废料回收技术进行了总结,综述了直接回用法、火法冶金、湿法冶金、电化学回收工艺等多种不同NdFeB废料回收技术的作用原理和研究进展,分析了各类NdFeB废料回收技术的优劣势,并提出了未来NdFeB废料绿色、高效、可持续回收技术的重点研究方向,为稀土二次资源的高效开发利用研究提供有益参考。

China is the largest production base and consumer market of NdFeB permanent magnet materials globally.A large amount of NdFeB magnet waste comes from the production lines of NdFeB magnet and the end-of-life products containing NdFeB magnet.Recycling and reprocessing of NdFeB magnet waste help to improve the situation of the increasing scarcity of rare-earth resources and build an efficient circular economy system,as well as to maintain the advantages of rare-earth resources and environmental safety in China strategically.In this review,the current recycling technologies for NdFeB waste are summarized.The functional principles and research progress of various NdFeB waste recycling technologies such as direct recycling,pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy and electrochemical recycling processes are reviewed with their corresponding advantages and disadvantages.The key research directions of green,efficient and sustainable NdFeB waste recycling technologies in the future are put forward.This review provides a useful reference for the efficient development and utilization of rare-earth secondary resources.