康德需要面对他心问题吗?——论康德自我理论的复杂性和系统性

Should Kant Face the Problem of Other Minds?——On the Complexity and Systematicness of Kant’s Theory of Self

围绕康德是否会像以笛卡尔为代表的传统主体性哲学那样,因坚持主体性立场而面临他心问题的困扰,学界曾展开争论,并得出两种截然相反的回答。但无论哪一方都忽视了康德的自我理论的系统性和复杂性。必须看到,要回答康德是否需要面对他心问题,必须联系他在认识论中对自我的三重划分。其中,先验自我和本体自我由于各自的特征而不会引发他心问题,但有关经验自我的认识则由于它在内容构成和获得渠道上的特征,会使康德需要面对他心问题。

Just like some modern philosophers,such as Descartes,Kant also emphasized the status and function of subject.So there is a debate about whether Kant should also face the problem of other minds.Different scholars draw various,conclusions even opposite answers,but all of them do not attach enough importance to the complexity and systematicness of Kant’s theory of self.What should be stressed on is that in Kant’s epistemology the self should be understood from three different dimensions,i.e.Transcendental Ego,Noumenal Self and Empirical Self.Because of their each features,Transcendental Ego and Noumenal Self would not incur the problem of Other Mind.However,as there is an asymmetry between the knowledge of Empirical Self and other mind about their contents and accesses,Kant should face the Problem of Other Minds in this dimension.