“东方经济”与中国乡村工业化的社会学机制——重访史国衡的个旧矿城研究

“Oriental Economy” and the Sociological Mechanism of Rural Industrialization in China——Revisiting Shih Kuo-heng’s Research on the Mine Town of Kochiu

本文对"魁阁"社会学家史国衡1940年代在美访学期间的一部未刊稿《个旧矿城》进行了梳理与讨论。史国衡的个旧研究呈现了一个将产业、民情与治理相结合的综合进路,通过对个旧锡业兴衰的个案分析,揭示了传统"东方经济"模式的独特特征以及决定中国乡村工业化成败的社会学机制,同时也以个旧经验对现代化理论、人际关系学派等当时美国社会科学主流范式提出了反思。《个旧矿城》与另一部更为人所熟知的著作《昆厂劳工》共同构成了史国衡关于中国工业化研究的姊妹篇,"工业化的社会基础"是其中一以贯之的核心线索。对史国衡个旧矿城研究的"再发现",有助于我们重新认识中国早期社会学的工业研究传统,同时也提示我们,当下的乡村工业化乃至乡村振兴仍然需要重视产业的社会基础,处理好经济转型与社会重组之间的辩证关系。

This paper presents a revisiting of an unpublished manuscript by"Kuige"("魁阁")sociologist Shih Kuo-heng during his study in the United States in the 1940s,entitled"A Mine Town in China:A Study of Industry and Society".Shih’s work presents a comprehensive approach that combines industry,moeurs and governance,revealing the unique characteristics of the traditional Oriental economy model and the sociological mechanisms that determine the success or failure of China’s rural industrialization through a case study of the rise and fall of the tin-mining in Kochiu.It also reflects on the mainstream paradigms of American social science at the time,such as modernization theory and the human relations school.Together with Shih’s better-known book China Enter the Machine Age,A Mine Town in China forms a companion volume to his study of industrialization in China,in which"the social basis of industrialization"is a central thread.The rediscovery of Shih Kuo-heng’s work helps us to reconnect with the industrial research tradition of early Chinese sociology,and also suggests that rural industrialization and even rural revitalization today still need to pay attention to the social foundation of industry and deal with the dialectical relationship between economic transformation and social restructuring.