体制剩余:转轨经济学的一个重要范畴——体制性剩余要素市场化改革及经济增长的新潜能

Institution-induced Overage:An Important Terminology of Tansition Economics

体制改革与经济增长之间的关系,需要建立起定量分析的逻辑框架和方法。以要素投入产出关系为视角,观测体制扭曲下的资源和要素闲置、浪费和低利用率,界定和测算其体制剩余规模,通过体制二元转轨,也即资源和要素市场化配置改革,使剩余得以充分利用,这也就是改革形成的增长潜能。体制剩余是转轨经济学中的一个重要范畴。中国城乡由于户籍等体制扭曲,形成了规模较大的体制性剩余劳动力,特别是因土地计划配置形成了土地的巨额体制剩余。未来十五年中,二元市场与计划并存的体制需要向一元社会主义市场经济并轨,通过土地要素市场化改革,使规模较大的体制剩余劳动力与体制剩余土地相组合,形成投入产出生产力,是中国经济可能实现中高速增长关键性的新增潜能。

A logical framework and method of quantitative analysis is required for the relationship between institutional reform and economic growth.From the perspective of factor input-output relationship,the idle status,waste and underutilization of resources and factors under the distorted system are observed;and the institutional surplus scale is defined and calculated.The surplus is fully utilized through the dual institutional transition,that is,the reform of market-oriented allocation of resources and factors.This is the growth potential brought about by the reform.This article attempts to propose and define an important category in the transition economics,namely institutional surplus.Due to distorted systems such as household registration system,a huge institutional surplus labor has formed in China’s urban and rural areas,especially the tremendous institutional surplus of land due to the planned allocation of land.