《实业计划》成书考

Study on the Writing and Publishing Process of The International Development of China

孙中山本人极为珍视《实业计划》,认定"为和平而利用吾笔作此计划,其效力当比吾利用兵器以推翻满清为更大也"。是书并非用一种语言写作,结集出版之前,中英文交织发表,过程十分复杂,刊印于不同国家,有多种版本。迄至今日,前人论述皆偏重于分析其言说之内容,对其成书历程几乎无人涉及。海外文教机构中所藏索克思、安立德、安得生、芮恩施等个人档案之中,有孙中山、宋庆龄两人与各方在1918年至1922年间的通信多封,只言片语间蕴藏《实业计划》成书过程中诸多未解谜题之线索。笔者按图索骥,寻得《实业计划》自起笔成篇,继而全书脱稿,最终于上海、伦敦、纽约三地1920、1921、1922年分别结集刊发之英文版,以及1921年底中文初版的许多未刊史料,考得本文。《实业计划》立意之高与发表之难,既形成鲜明的反差,又达成自洽的逻辑。

Dr.Sun Yat-sen attached great importance to his book The International Development of China and believed"the value of this writing that he wrote for world peace with pen is more important than the achievements of overthrowing the monarchy of China with gun".First,Dr.Sun wrote it in English,then his wife Song Qingling,and close followers translated into Chinese chapter by chapter.The publishing of The International Development of China is very difficulty and complicated as well.Previous studies focused on the text analysis of the book but ignored the historical research of the writing and publishing process of it.I luckily found dozens of letters between Dr.Sun and Madame Sun and George Ephraim Sokolsky,Julean Herbert Arnold,Hendrik Christian Andersen,Paul Samuel Reinsch from 1918 to 1922 which were kept in overseas cultural and educational institutions.Based on those letters and other historical resources,I can rebuild the writing and publishing process of The International Development of China for the first time,and explain why there are three English versions of The International Development of China published in Shanghai,London and New York in 1920,1921 and 1922.Still,I can not find the first Chinese version of this book,that illustrated the complexity of the publication of Dr.Sun’s writings in 1920 s.