信息技术、性别红利与要素收入分配

Information Technology, Gender Dividend and Factor Income Distribution

本文结合工作场所"性别红利"分析视角来考察信息技术应用对企业要素收入分配的影响。基于信息技术与性别红利的互动如何影响企业分配的理论逻辑,进而利用世界银行的中国企业调查数据研究发现:平均而言,信息技术应用将对一般性劳动力产生替代效应,使得劳动收入份额降低。不过,由于信息技术具有性别技能偏向性,相比于男性体力密集型技能,女性的认知社交技能更受偏爱,因而,随着企业内的女性占比提高,信息技术与女性技能的互补效应得到彰显,从而企业劳动收入份额上升。在资本密集型、重工业、大规模以及出口企业中,信息技术与性别红利的互补效应更加明显。研究的结论能够为在新一代信息变革进程中,如何更好处理要素收入分配关系以及消弭性别不平等提供新的政策启示。

This paper examines how the application of information technology in enterprises affects factor income distribution from the perspective of"gender dividend"in the workplace.In the first place,this paper conducts theoretical analysis on the economic logic of how the interaction between information technology and gender dividend affects the income distribution of enterprises,then does empirical study with the data from the China Enterprise Survey by the World Bank.It is found that:on average,information technology has a substitution effect on general labor force,reducing the labor income share.Information technology related skills,such as cognitive and social abilities,have a female-bias,so that compared to male advantage in muscle-intensive skills,females are preferred.Therefore,as the proportion of female workers increases,a good complementary effect between information technology and women’s skills can be formed,which is conducive to the increase of labor income share.The interactive effect between information technology and female dividend is amplified in capital-intensive,heavy industry,larger scale and export-oriented enterprises.This study provides new policy inspiration for how to better deal with factor income distribution and eliminate gender inequality in the new-generation information transformation.