剩余价值与中国特色社会主义政治经济学:一个思想史的考察

Surplus Value and Socialist Political Economy with Chinese Characteristics: An Investigation from Intellectual History

早在20世纪80—90年代,以卓炯、蒋学模为代表的老一代学者就主张,剩余价值概念在经过新的诠释后也适用于社会主义政治经济学。令人遗憾的是,迟至今天,上述主张仍未获得学界的共识,其结果是造成社会主义政治经济学缺乏自己的理论范畴,难以形成逻辑谨严的学说体系。本文首先回顾了斯大林和毛泽东对相关问题的看法,继而重新估价了卓炯的学术贡献,肯定了他对剩余价值的两重性所作的区分,以及对于社会主义基本经济规律所作的探讨。在社会主义市场经济条件下,从马克思相对剩余价值生产理论发展而来的社会剩余价值生产规律,是社会主义初级阶段的基本经济规律之一。以这一规律作为参照系,可以解释社会主义市场经济的动态效率,即在解放生产力、发展生产力上所起的作用。

As early as in 1980’s and 1990’s,some scholars such as Zhuo Jiong and Jiang Xuemo ever argue that the category of surplus value,if explained properly,can be applied in socialist political economy.Regrettably,even as late as in today,this argument has not yet been generally accepted among the academics.This article investigates the relevant history of thought of socialist political economy from Stalin through Mao Zedong,and then revaluates the contribution of Zhuo Jiong,especially his differentiation of the duality of surplus value.The law of production of social surplus value is one of the fundamental laws of motion in the preliminary stage of socialism,which serve as theory of framework for reference,explaining the role for socialist market economy in developing and liberating forces of production.