全球治理困境与国家“再现”的最终逻辑

The Logic of State’s Return Phenomenon and the Dilemma of Global Governance

在全球治理危机频现和大国战略竞争加剧的背景下,"国家中心主义"回归引发了人们对经济全球化走势的担忧。本轮国家中心主义回归的逻辑是:此前自由主义全球化的过度发展导致国家功能隐退;而当全球治理状况恶化时,国家的重要性再度凸现,成为各国社会谋求自我体系安全的唯一"阀门",民族主义、保护主义思潮亦大行其道。从中期看,未来的全球体系重建过程将充满国家中心主义与自由主义两种理性的持续角力,国家与市场的作用都将在"拉锯战"相互影响与重塑。从远期看,新型全球化将是国家与市场关系再平衡的产物,国家仍是兼具服务本民族发展及其外部性的主要工具。国家处理内外发展与治理多重挑战的"灵活度"即为评判其核心竞争力的最终标准。

Under the circumstance of frequent global governance crises and intensified power competition,the return of"state-centralism"has aroused people’s anxieties about the reversal momentum of economic globalization.How to reexamine the dual role of the state,either"to embrace the globalization"or"to reinforce the global governance"?The authors attempt to provide an accountable reply to this key question.By reviewing the basic functions of state,the causes of global governance deficits,the paper analyzes two types of"state return"phenomenon and the logics that derive from the market economy itself—the excessive growth of liberalist globalization inevitably weakens state’s monopoly on the one hand;and on the other hand,the role of state becomes central again when globalization has created too many pitfalls that need to be delt with and regulated.In face of global crises,the state is highlighted as the"last valve"for all global citizens to secure their individual survival.Unfortunately,populism and protectionism happen to revive at the same time.In the medium term,the restructuring process of global system will display a contracted state-centric vs.market-centric contest.The forces of state and market will entangle and reshape each other.In the long run,a new-type globalization will not prevail until the relationship between state and market gets to a rebalance.Namely,the state is restored as the main vehicle to advance national development and its external interests.However,it must steadily reform itself to better handle the lasting contradictions between socio-economic developments and effective internal and external governance.In meeting such challenges,the state would have to demonstrate and finally adopt"pragmatic flexibilities"as a neo-crieria of its core competity.In sum,the‘reemergence of state’in different periods and to different degrees is an inevitable phenomenon of the history.It must have distinctive dynamics accumulated for profound adjustments and changes.The state should wisely recognize and comply with them,while neither overestimating nor underestimating the limitations of its function.