“大数据杀熟”法律规制的困境与出路——从消费者的权利保护到经营者算法权力治理

The Dilemma of Legal Regulation to “Big Data Swindle Acquaintances” and Way Out: from the Protection of “Consumers’ Rights” to the Governance of Operators’ Algorithm Power

"大数据杀熟"侵害了消费者的权利,但依据现行法律很难认定其法律性质。"大数据杀熟"具有很强的技术特征,实质上是经营者滥用算法权力的结果。从传统消费者权利保护路径,运用合同法、侵权法、消保法、价格法、反垄断法等规制"大数据杀熟"面临着诸多困难。从根源上看,"大数据杀熟"并非单纯的法律规制问题,而是算法权力的治理问题。治理算法权力应遵循技术发展与权利保护相平衡、内部监督与外部监管相结合以及事前管控与事后追责相并重等原则。通过经营者自律、行业协会引导、公权机构监管、消费者自我保护、公众广泛参与等途径治理算法权力,才可能有效保护人工智能时代消费者的合法权益。

"Big Data Swindle Acquaintances" infringes the "Consumers’ Rights" on the surface,but in fact,it is difficult to identify its legal nature according to the existing law."Big Data Swindle Acquaintances"has strong technical characteristics,which is essentially the result of operators abusing algorithm power. From the traditional consumer rights protection path,using contract law,tort law,consumer protection law,price law,anti-monopoly law to regulate "Big Data Swindle Acquaintances" is faced with many difficulties. From the root,"Big Data Swindle Acquaintances" is not simply a legal regulation problem,but a governance problem of algorithm power. Governing algorithm power should follow the principles of balance between technology development and right protection,combination of internal control and external supervision,and equal emphasis on pre-control and post-accountability. It is possible to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers in the era of artificial intelligence by means of regulating algorithm power through self-regulation of operators,guidance of industry associations,supervision of public authorities,self-protection of consumers,and extensive participation of the public.