基于仿真模型探讨病毒传播的流体力学实验

Fluid dynamics experiment of virus propagation based on simulation model

新型冠状病毒的患者总是伴随着咳嗽等症状,咳嗽形成的飞沫会以气溶胶的形式传播,这是典型的流体力学中气固耦合问题。因此,将飞沫核看作是固体小微粒,周围空气为流场,拟通过COMSOL Multiphysics中的层流模块、粒子追踪模块和传热模块,对新型冠状病毒在室内的传播机制进行研究。结果表明:新型冠状病毒在室内的传播具有明显地分层现象,在高度小于1.4m和高度大于2m时,病毒主要分布在患者正前方,当高度处于这个区间时,病毒会污染房间80%的区域;同时,飞沫传播速度在开始的0.5s内,平均速度可达10m/s;最后,耦合温度因素,温度越高,病毒传播越活跃,考虑到人体舒适的温度,保持室内温度26到30摄氏度较为合适。针对这些结论,提出以下防护建议:1)使儿童尽量远离患者;2)保持室内通风;3)保持室内合适温度,最好是26到30摄氏度。以上建议是根据室内的仿真结果提出来的,适用于环境相对封闭,容积与居民楼房相近的场所。

Patients of new coronavirus are always accompanied by coughing and other symptoms.The droplets formed by coughing will spread in the form of aerosol,which is a typical problem of gas-solid coupling in fluid mechanics.Therefore,in this paper,the droplet core is regarded as small solid particles,and the surrounding air is the flow field.It is planned to study the propagation mechanism of the new coronavirus indoors through the laminar flow module,particle tracking module and heat transfer module in COMSOL Multiphysics.The results show that the spread of the new coronavirus in the room has obvious stratification.When the height is less than 1.4m and the height is greater than 2m,the virus is mainly distributed in front of the patient.When the height is in this interval,the virus will pollute 80%of the room.At the same time,the droplet propagation speed is within the first 0.5s,and the average speed can reach 10m/s;finally,coupled with the temperature factor,the higher the temperature,the more active the virus transmission.Considering the comfortable temperature of the human body,keep the indoor temperature 26 to 30 degrees Celsius is more suitable.In response to these conclusions,the following protection suggestions are proposed:1)Keep the children as far away from the patient as possible;2)Keep the room ventilated;3)Keep the indoor temperature appropriate,preferably 26 to 30 degrees Celsius.The above suggestions are based on indoor simulation results and are applicable to places where the environment is relatively closed and the volume is similar to residential buildings.