“尼买若黑”:一个彝族社区的信仰、实践与文化逻辑

"Ni mai ruo hei":Belief,Practice and Cultural Logic in an Yi Community

彝族倮倮颇地区盛行的“尼买若黑”仪式是基于当地传统的“尼”信仰所生成的特殊文化现象。通过对云南省永仁县直苴村的田野调查及人类学分析发现,当地彝族村民对“尼买若黑”习俗的相承性,源于其再生产实践中包括与祖先“尼”在内的各类“尼”频繁互动的传统宇宙观,由此社区群众对“尼买若黑”习俗在观念和实践上达到高度的一致性。在直苴彝族的世界观中,“尼买若黑”使生前被边缘化的个体得以回归正常的继嗣秩序序列,从而使逝者顺利获取后代的供奉,围绕“尼买若黑”展开的系列仪式连接了阴阳两界,并使人与“尼”的跨界互动成为可能。通过“尼买若黑”缔结的姻亲关系确保相应的丧葬仪式得以顺利举行,姻亲群体间的社会关系也得以扩延。“尼买若黑”是直苴彝族利用“尼”信仰这一“资源”确立的社会行动逻辑,这也是他们整合社区并使之走向结构化和有序性的依据。

"Ni mai ruo hei"is a special cultural phenomenon based on the local traditional belief in"Ni"and is very popular in the Luo Luopo area of the Yi ethnicity.Through field investigation and anthropological analysis,it is found that the local Yi peoples’insistence on the custom of"Ni mai ruo hei"stems from their traditional view of the universe in which various kinds of"Ni"frequently interact with their ancestors,including during their reproduction practice.As a result,people in the community have reached a high degree of consistency on the concept and practice of the custom of"Ni mai ruo hei".Under the Luo Luopo worldview,"Ni mai ruo hei"enables individuals who have been marginalized to return to the normal sequence of generational descent,thus enabling the deceased to recceive the worship of their descendents smoothly.The series of rituals around"Ni mai ruo hei"connect yin and yang and allow for cross-border interaction between man and Ni.The relationship between in-laws established by"Ni mai ruo hei"ensures that the corresponding funeral rites are conducted smoothly and that social relations among in-laws are also extended."Ni mai ruo hei"is the logic for social action established by the Yi peoples’use of the"belief in this resource",and it is also the basis for them to integrate the community and make the community structural and orderly.