市场兴衰、冷热消长与主体表达——白族weif ni概念的人类学初探

Market Vicissitude,Hot-Cold Movement,and Vernacular Expressions Anthropological Study on the Bai Concept of Weif Ni

本文通过捕捉洱海北岸坝区有关市场的宇宙观、起源神话、民谣、市场参与者的言说与实践来呈现白族经济生活中的weif ni1①概念的大致轮廓。借由对weif ni这一具有本体论意义的当地概念的初步理解,我们得以搁置施坚雅所提出的边界清晰的类型学解释失效的困境,并直面转变中的少数民族地区农村定期集市的复杂样态及内在连续性。市场既是生动的场面,又是动态的过程;人气的聚散、势力的消长,演绎出跌宕的社会图景。人类学的市场研究既要看“门道”也要看“热闹”,这样才可能摸索出一套真正关于“人”的特定社会文化脉络下的研究视角。

By capturing market-related cosmologies,origin folktale,folk songs and market actor’s utterance and practice on the northern bank of Erhai Lake,this paper aims to examine the conceptual contour of weif ni in Bai people’s everyday economic life.To understand weif ni from the ontological perspective,we could leave the clear-cut typological interpretation reflected in Skinner’s theory.Thus a better understanding concerning the ongoing transition of rural minority areas is achieved.Marketplace is a boisterous scene as well as a dynamic process.The separation and reunion of people,the rise and fall of energy indexes a wavy socio-economic picture.Anthropologist should look marketplace both as"underlying order"as well as the"liveliness".Based on this,we could possibly find a human’s market perspectives within specific socio-cultural context.