幻想与崇拜:“青蛙娶妻”型故事的情节生成与文化意义——以藏彝走廊民间故事为中心

Illusions and Worship on the “Mr. Frog Got Married” Plot Generated and Cultural Significance: As “Folk Tales in the Tibetan and Yi Corridor” the Center

20世纪70年代后期,费孝通先生提出藏彝走廊的概念,经调查研究发现,作为古代氐族后裔的今白马藏人,其民间文学具有重要的历史文化价值。以长篇口传故事《阿尼嘎萨》为代表的"青蛙娶妻"型故事,是藏彝走廊多民族"青蛙娶妻"型故事情节生成的典型,属于情节有趣而又极具幻想的神异口传文学之一。通过对比白马藏人、彝族、羌族、傈僳族、白族、仡佬族、纳西族、哈尼族、景颇族、苗族、畲族、普米族等的"青蛙娶妻"型故事情节生成方式的异同,可以看出,藏彝走廊各民族该型故事的形成和流播与各民族的生活习性、地理环境、社会制度及文化心态都有着千丝万缕的联系。它的文化意义在于:它们表达了这一多民族区域人民对生命延续的企盼,呈现出该区域稻作文化及民俗风情的生活场景,是该区域人民的生殖崇拜、图腾崇拜与英雄崇拜在民间故事中的折射,亦是中华民族文化共同性的集中体现。

In the late 1970 s,Mr.Fei Xiao-tong proposed the idea of the Tibetan and Yi corridor,the study found that the Baima Tibetan as the ancient Di descendants,its folk literature is of great historical and cultural value.With its long oral stories"Mr.Frog Got Married"of Ar Ni Ga Sa,is a typical story in the Tibetan and Yi corridor,belongs to the interesting plot and one of the most fantasy miraculous and oral literature.By comparing the plot generation of similarities and differences on"Mr.Frog Got Married"among the Baima Tibetan,Yi,Qiang,Lisu,Bai,Kelao,Naxi,Hani,Jingpo,Miao,She and Pumi tribe,it can be seen that the formation and flouring connected intimately with life habits,geographical environment,social system and cultural mentality.It is also the central manifestation of the commonality of Chinese national culture.