炎性小体的激活机制及其在机体抗结核分枝杆菌中的作用研究进展

Mechanisms of Inflammasome Activation and the Research Progresses on the Roles of Inflammasomes in the Host Defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)感染引起的结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是目前危害人类健康的一个重要的公共卫生问题。据估计,目前全球大约有23%的人被Mtb所感染。虽然多数Mtb感染者最终不发病,表现为潜伏期感染(latent TB infection,LTBI),但全球每年仍有数百万人死于结核病。因此,结核病是一个持续的热门研究领域,研究者试图从不同的角度去揭示Mtb的致病机制,以期最终战胜结核病。炎性小体(inflammasome)是一种聚集在受感染或受损细胞细胞质中的多蛋白复合物,其可识别病原相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs)或者宿主来源的危险信号分子(host-derived danger signaling molecules,也称损伤相关分子模式,damage-associated molecular patterns,DAMPs),在多种感染性疾病中发挥着重要作用。本文将对Mtb感染过程中炎性小体的激活机制及其在机体抗Mtb感染中的作用相关研究进展进行综述。

Tuberculosis(TB)is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).It is a severe pulmonary disease and an important public health burden at present.It is estimated that about 23%of the world’s population is infected with Mtb.Although many Mtb-infected people do not eventually develop active TB disease,there is still millions of people die of TB worldwide every year.Great effort has been made to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of Mtb in order to ultimately overcome TB.The inflammasomes are a group of polyprotein complexes that accumulate in the cytoplasm of infected or damaged cells.Inflammasomes can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)or host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).So,inflammasomes play important roles in the host defense against many infectious diseases.In this review,we summarized the activation mechanism of inflammasomes and the research progress on the roles of inflammasomes in the host defense against Mtb infection.