亲子分离与青少年同伴侵害和抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究

The Relationship of Parent-child Separation,Peer Victimization and Depression in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

采用追踪研究设计,对贵州省1094名青少年进行了间隔半年的两次测查,考察早期亲子分离对青少年后期同伴侵害经历及抑郁水平的影响及性别差异。结果表明:(1)早期亲子分离能显著增加T1同伴侵害和抑郁,并通过T1的同伴侵害和抑郁间接影响T2的同伴侵害和抑郁;(2)亲子分离、同伴侵害和抑郁的关系存在显著性别差异:在女生组中,早期亲子分离不仅能够显著增加T1抑郁水平,还通过影响T1抑郁间接影响T2的同伴侵害状况,且早期亲子分离也可以边缘显著预测T1的同伴侵害状况;在男生组中,亲子分离仅能显著预测T1的同伴侵害经历,对于T1抑郁及T2时间点的各变量则无显著影响;(3)无论是否受到亲子分离的影响,同伴侵害与青少年抑郁之间均存在相互作用关系。研究结果提示早期亲子分离会导致青少年后期同伴侵害经历及抑郁水平上升,且主要体现在女生群体中,这为经历亲子分离后青少年心理健康干预方案的制定提供了科学依据。

Using a longitudinal design,the current study aimed to investigate the associations among early parentchild separation,later peer victimization and depression of adolescents,and examine whether there existed gender differences.A total sample of 1094 adolescents were recruited from Guizhou province.Two waves of data collections were conducted with an interval of half a year.Results showed that:(1)Early parent-child separation could not only significantly and positively predict peer victimization and depression at wave 1,but also indirectly predict peer victimization and depression at wave 2 through the mediating roles of peer victimization and depression at wave1;(2)There were significant gender differences among the associations among parent-child separation,peer victimization and depression.As for females,early parent-child separation could not only significantly increase the depression at wave 1,but also indirectly affect peer victimization at wave 2 through depression at wave 1.In addition,early parent-child separation could marginally predict peer victimization at wave 1.As for males,parent-child separation only predicted peer victimization at wave 1,while it had no significant effects on depression at wave 1 and variables at wave 2;(3)Regardless of the effects of parent-child separation,there was a bidirectional relationship between peer victimization and depression.Our investigation suggested that early parent-child separation experience would lead to higher peer victimization and depression in adolescents,especially in the girl group.These findings had certain practical implications for educators in understanding and protecting mental health of young people with parent-child separation.