童年期儿童应对方式发展的成因:特质论还是情境论?

The Causes of the Development of Coping Styles in Childhood:Trait Theory or Situational Theory?

为了探讨童年期儿童应对方式发展的成因,本研究以应对方式问卷和心理素质量表为研究工具,对355名小学三年级学生进行了2年追踪调查。考察了不同应对方式在学业困难情境和同伴冲突情境下的发展轨迹,以及特质性因素心理素质对于不同应对方式发展的影响。结果表明:(1)童年期儿童的积极应对方式在学业困难和同伴冲突情境中有着不同的发展轨迹,而消极应对方式在学业和人际情境中有着相同的发展轨迹。(2)特质因素心理素质在不同的时间均可以显著预测童年期儿童的积极或消极应对方式。这说明童年期儿童应对方式的发展是情境因素和特质因素共同作用的结果。

In order to explore the causes of the development of coping styles in childhood.This study conducted a two-year follow-up study,355 students in grade3 were investigated by the coping style questionnaire and the Psychological Suzhi scale(kids version).This study compares the developmental trajectories of different coping styles in academic difficulties situations and peer conflict situations,and the impact of trait(Psychological Suzhi)on the development of coping styles.The results show that:The positive coping styles of childhood children have different development trajectories in academic difficulties situations and peer conflict situations,while the negative coping styles have the same development track in those situations.The trait factors-Psychological Suzhi can significantly predict positive or negative coping styles of children at different times.This shows that the development of coping styles in childhood is the result of a combination of situational factors and trait factors.