儿童空间观点采择的自动性及其发展

The Automaticity of Children’s Spatial Perspective-taking and Its Development

使用空间观点采择任务,探究7~11岁儿童的空间观点采择的自动性和发展趋势。结果发现:(1)在他人任务中,正确率随着角度的增长而减小;(2)在自我任务中,相比于空间关系不一致时,一致时的正确率更高,且反向的一致性效应出现在150°~180°间。本研究结果显示:本项空间观点采择任务对儿童有效;7~9岁的儿童可以自动进行空间转换;11岁的儿童可以自动进行需要判断左右位置的空间观点采择。本研究首次证明,11岁是儿童自动进行需要判断左右位置的空间观点采择的相对年龄转折点。

In this study,we used spatial perspective-taking task to examine the automaticity and developmental trajectory of spatial perspective-taking for children aged 7~11.The results showed that:(1)In the other tasks,the accuracy decreased as the angular disparity between the doll and the subject increased;(2)In the self tasks when the spatial relationship were consistent,the correct rates was higher than when the spatial relationship was inconsistent.And the reverse consistency effect appeared when the angular disparity between the doll and the subject was during 150°~180°.The results of this study prove that the task of this study is an effective spatial perspective-taking task for children.Seven to nine-year-old children can automatically transform spatial perspectives.Eleven-yearold children can automatically make spatial perspective-taking that needs to make left-right judgements.This study demonstrates for the first time that the age of eleven is the relative turning point in the age at which children automatically make spatial perspective-taking that needs to make left-right judgements.