序列语义的类别一致性关系能否进行无意识整合?

The Unconscious Integration of the Semantic Category Consistency Relationship of Semantic Words Presented in Sequence

阈下语义之间能否进行整合,最近的研究给出了不同的结果。当多个阈下语义词语同时呈现时显示出无意识语义整合效应,但是当序列呈现时没有观察到无意识整合效应。本研究在保留同时呈现方法优点(不同空间呈现位置)的情况下研究了序列呈现的不同汉字词语之间能否产生无意识语义类别关系整合。在实验1中,两个相同或不同类别的词语作为阈下启动刺激先后在两侧呈现,且第一个词语消失后第二词语马上出现,结果显示出无意识语义类别整合效应。实验2延长了两个阈下启动词语之间的时间间隔,结果未发现无意识语义类别整合效应。另外,实验3进一步排除了实验1中第一个启动词语的视觉残留,结果也未观察到显著的无意识语义类别整合效应,说明实验1中观察到的无意识整合效应是视觉残留所致。综合三个实验结果表明,两个阈下词语之间的语义类别一致性关系只有在同时呈现这种特殊条件下才能进行无意识整合加工,说明了短时间维度对于无意识语义关系整合的重要性。

It is argued that the brain can process single subliminal stimulus.Furthermore,recent research showed the evidence of an integration between multiple subliminal stimuli.However,as for the high level processing such as semantic word,recently,some studies did not reveal any integration between different words/characters when the words/characters were presented in sequence,but the results showed an integration effect when the words/characters were presented simultaneously.In these studies,the sequentially presented subliminal prime words were displayed at the same location.There is a possibility that the different stimuli presented sequentially at the same spatial position could produce interferential neural activity that might influence the unconscious integration.Therefore,in the present study,the advantage of simultaneous presentation(different spatial presentation positions)was used to investigate whether there can be unconscious semantic integration between different Chinese words presented in sequence.Specifically,two masked Chinese words of same or different categories(fruit or tool)were presented as prime on both sides,followed by two Chinese words also of same or different categories in the target.Participants were asked to judge whether the paired target words were of the same or different categories.The different time interval between the two subliminal prime words was controlled in experiment 1(0 ms)and in experiment 2(32 ms).In addition,experiment 3 was designed to exclude the visual residue of the first prime word in experiment 1.The results indicated that there existed the unconscious semantic category integration effect in experiment 1.But there was no unconscious semantic category integration effects in experiment 2.Meanwhile,in Experiment 3,no integration effect was observed,which indicated that the unconscious integration effect observed in experiment 1 was promoted by visual residue of the first prime word.Overall,the results of the three experiments revealed that the integration of sequential subliminal semantic information was difficult to occur,and the semantic relation between the two subliminal words could only be unconsciously integrated under the special conditions of simultaneous presentation,suggesting the importance of the short-range temporal window for the unconscious integration of high-level semantic relations.