“东南三贤”与“乾淳三派”:全祖望对南宋理学史的建构及其思想意蕴

“Three Sages in the Southeast”and“Three Schools in the Qian Chun”:Quan Zuwang’s Construction of the History of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty and its Ideological Implications

“东南三贤”与“乾淳三派”已成为南宋乾淳理学的经典概括,但二者所涉人物与学派并不吻合。全祖望所指认的“三贤”与“三派”,虽汲取了前人观点,但也有自己的叙述语境。如单方面解读,认为这是全祖望的全部理解,抑或理学史的真实反映,未免失之仓促。全氏凸显吕学的“兼取其长”与“递传不替”,与自身的学术史观有密切关联,虽未必完全符合理学史真相,但这一视角对重新认识宋代理学史有重要意义。

“Three sages in the Southeast”and“three Schools in the Qian Chun”have become the classic generalizations of Qianchun Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty,but the figures they refer to do not coincide with the school.Although the“three sages”and the“three schools”identified by Quan Zuwang have absorbed the views of predecessors,they also have their own narrative context.It would be too hasty to interpret this unilaterally and think that it is the whole understanding of Quan Zuwang or the true reflection of Neo-Confucianism history.Quan’s emphasis on Lv school’s“taking its advantage”and“inheriting it continuously”is closely related to his academic historical view.Although it may not be completely consistent with the history of Neo-Confucianism,this perspective is of great significance to re-understand the history of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty.