陈淳对“克己复礼”的诠释及其与朱熹的差异

Chen Chun’s interpretation of“Conquering Oneself and Returning to Propriety”and Its Differences with Zhu Xi’s Idea

陈淳对“克己复礼”的解读是对朱熹的继承和推进。陈淳延续了朱熹对“克己”的训释,将“克己”理解为对私欲的彻底去除,将其与“天理—人欲”的观念结合起来,定位为人心之上的求仁工夫,并对“克己”与“穷理”的关系给出了完整、全面的说明。对于“复礼”,陈淳将“复”理解为复归到本然的性理,而“礼”则是人心本具的“天理之节文”。基于天理的观念,陈淳说明了“礼”与“仁”的同一性。他将“复礼”理解为克己工夫所至之境界、效验,这不同于朱熹晚年以“复礼”为事上工夫的说法。陈淳的“克己复礼”说与朱熹早年的讲法基本一致,又在具体问题上有所开拓,展现出丰富的面向,对于了解理学的工夫论思想有重要价值。

Chen Chun inherited and promoted Zhu Xi’s view in his interpretation of“conquering oneself and returning to propriety”.Chen Chun continued Zhu Xi’s interpretation of“to conquer oneself”,understood it as the complete removal of selfish desires,and combined it with the concept of“the principle of heaven and the desires of human”,positioning it as the effort to seek humanity on one’s heart,and then comprehensively analyzed the interactive relationship between“conquering oneself”and“understanding the principles thoroughly”.Chen Chun understands return“Fu”as returning to the original nature of the principle,and“Li”is the human heart’s original“concrete details of the principle of heaven.”Based on the concept of Principle,Chen Chun explained the identity of propriety and humanity.He understood“returning to propriety”as an intended effect of self-conquest,which was different from Zhu Xi’s idea in his old age.Chen Chun’s interpretation is basically the same as Zhu Xi’s earlier teachings,and has developed on specific issues,showing different aspects,which is of great value for understanding the gongfu theory in Neo-Confucianism.