《六十种曲》“绣刻演剧”辨析

An Analysis of the “Engraved Acting Play” in Sixty Xiqu Plays

《六十种曲》为明代末年毛晋编刻的一部传奇总集,对后世产生了深远的影响。其最初分六次刊刻,每次刊刻时均题"绣刻演剧十本"。毛晋强调"演剧",用意究竟何在?学者莫衷一是。考察明代中后期戏曲选本收录剧作的情况及明代舞台演出实际,发现《六十种曲》所收剧作大多活跃在舞台上,许多是热演剧目。"《六十种曲》本"在特定时期,有"舞台演出本"之功用。毛晋标榜"绣刻演剧",意在强调剧本"演出"之特性,凸显其"流行之戏"身份。这不只是宣传的需要,在一定程度上也反映了明代传奇舞台演出的真实状况。

Sixty Xiqu Plays is a general collection of Chuanqi compiled and engraved by MAO Jin in the late Ming Dynasty,which has a profound impact on the later generations.At first it was printed in six times,each time with the title of“Ten Engraved Acting Plays”.What is the purpose of MAO’s emphasis on“acting”?No unanimous answer could be found among scholars.With the research on the selected plays collected in the anthologies of Xiqu and the actual stage performance in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,it is found that most of the plays collected in Sixty Xiqu Plays were popularly staged,with many of them being real hits.That is to say,they were once used as scripts at a certain time.MAO especially mentioned“engraved acting plays”so as to highlight the“acting”feature of these plays and their popularity.It not only served the purpose of promotion,but also reflected in a certain degree the real situation of the stage performance of Chuanqi plays in the Ming Dynasty.