论董健的喜剧观

DONG Jian’s View on Comedy

从20世纪80年代初撰写《陈白尘创作历程论》开始,此后逾30年,董健先生一直没有停止过对喜剧的思考。他心中有一个"喜剧情结",他的喜剧观是独特而富有启发意义的。他是第一个系统阐释"喜剧精神"内涵的学者,提出了"喜剧精神"的三个基本要点。他还系统地阐释了喜剧的分类问题,认为喜剧可分为讽刺喜剧、幽默喜剧和悲喜剧三大类,前二者是喜剧的基本类型,悲喜剧则是一种现代喜剧形态。在喜剧的几种类型中,他尤其推崇讽刺喜剧。他还从"创作者的主体性与理性精神的表现""对现实的关注以及历史发展的趋势"等方面,论述了"喜剧高于悲剧""喜剧将比悲剧和正剧发达得多""未来戏剧的世界将主要是喜剧的世界"等观点。

Ever since working on The Path of CHEN Baichen’s Creation in the 1980 s,DONG Jian had kept on pondering upon comedy in the following three decades.A"comedy complex"in his mind gave birth to his unique and inspiring comedy view.As the first scholar who illuminated systematically the"comedy spirit",DONG Jian came up with three fundamental points of this spirit.His systematic classification of comedy leads to three types of comedies:satirical comedy,humorous comedy and tragicomedy.The first two are the basic types of comedy,while the last one is a modern form.He put a high premium on satirical comedy among the three types.By virtue of the subjectivity of authors,the demonstration of rationality,attention to the reality and the historical agent,DONG Jian expounded on the viewpoints that"comedy outranks tragedy","comedy will outshine tragedy and serious drama",and"comedy will preponderate in the future field of theatre".