住院高危人工流产人群特点及避孕知识现状分析

Analysis about the characteristics of high-risk artificial abortion population in hospital and the current situation of contraceptive knowledge

目的探讨住院终止妊娠妇女高危人群特点及避孕相关知识认知,有效实施流产后关爱服务。方法采用自制调查问卷表,应用现场访谈法对2015年3月1日-2018年10月31日住院终止妊娠的514例患者进行问卷调查,以是否有高危流产因素分组,对比统计分析人群特点、避孕知识,以不同孕产史分组比较并发症发生情况。结果514例住院人工流产妇女中270人(52.5%)有高危流产因素,高危人数发生率前五的是剖宫产后再孕史、流产3次以上、半年内流产、剖宫产半年至两年内、年龄小于20岁,发生率分别是66例(24.4%)、50例(18.5%)、42例(15.6%)、38例(14.1%)、38例(14.1%);不同年龄、婚姻、文化程度、户籍地、职业的高危流产构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按不同孕产史分组比较各组并发症差异有显著意义(P<0.05);两组对人工流产并发症的了解、宫内节育器作为无生育计划者流产后首选避孕方法的认可、使用避孕套的知识,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论住院流产者高危流产发生率高,以年龄≥35岁、初中、市外、已婚、无业人员发生率高,曾行剖宫产者较其它组并发症发生率高,初次怀孕并发症发生率最少;住院流产者整体避孕相关知识缺乏,高危流产者人工流产并发症、避孕套使用的认知知识低于非高危流产者,高危流产者对无生育计划时宫内节育器避孕的认可度高。

Objective To explore the characteristics of high-risk groups of hospitalized women who terminate pregnancy and their knowledge and cognition of contraception,and effectively implement post-abortion care services.Methods A self-made questionnairewas used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 514 cases of hospitalized patients who did terminate pregnancy from March 1,2015 to October 31,2018by field interview method.The Patients were grouped according to whether they had high-risk abortionfactors,and the characteristics of the population and contraceptive knowledge were compared statistically.The incidence of complications was compared according to different pregnancy history groups.Results In 514 cases,there were 270 cases who had high-risk factors accounting for 52.5%.The top five high-risk factors were re-pregnancy after cesarean section(66 cases,accounting for 24.4%),abortion for more than three times(50 cases,accounting for 18.5%),abortion within six months(42 cases,15.6%),cesarean section within six months to two years(38 cases,14.1%),and age less than 20 years old(38 cases,14.1%).There were significant differences in high-risk abortion composition among different ages,marriage,education level,home place and occupation(P<0.05);There was significant difference in complications among different groups according to different maternal history(P<0.05);There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the understanding of induced abortion complications,the acceptance of intrauterine device as the preferred contraceptive method for those with no family planning after abortion,and the knowledge of condom use(P<0.05).Conclusion Hospitalized patients have a higherincidence in high-risk abortion,especially for those patients whose agearemore than 35 years old,who have junior high school education,live in the suburbs,and are married or unemployed.Patients who had a history of cesarean section suffer the higher risk and patients having the first pregnancy are at the least risk.Most of patients in this study lack the knowledge of abortion,and their cognition about complication and using condom is lower than the control group.However,their recognition degree about intrauterine device is high.