2020年后我国相对贫困标准:经验、实践与理论构建

The Criteria for Measuring Relative Poverty in Post-2020 China:Experience、Practice and Theory

2020年后,中国的扶贫工作将由解决绝对贫困向缓解相对贫困转变,而构建相对贫困标准是开展相对贫困治理工作的前提。文本回顾了绝对贫困和相对贫困的理论内涵和衡量标准,梳理了典型国家的相对贫困标准经验和中国发达省份的相对贫困治理实践,进而提出2020年后中国相对贫困标准的构建思路。研究发现,2020年后中国的相对贫困标准应转变为以收入标准为主、其他标准为辅的多维贫困标准,收入标准可以农村居民人均可支配收入中位数的40%为标准,其他标准可从教育、健康、社会保障和对外沟通等四个方面进行合理设置。在贫困地区的发展水平和城乡发展差距逐步拉近并达到一定程度之后,还需进一步探索城乡统一的相对贫困标准。

After 2020,China’s poverty alleviation work will change from eliminating absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty,and the adoption of relative poverty standard is the premise for carrying out relative poverty alleviation.In this study,we first review the theoretical connotation and the standards for measuring absolute poverty and relative poverty.Then,we sort out the experience of relative poverty standard in typical countries and the practice of relative poverty management in developed provinces of China.And we go on to propose a standard for measuring relative poverty in China after 2020.Our research concludes that,after 2020,China should choose a multi-dimensional poverty standard,with income as the main criterion complemented by other auxiliary criteria.The income standard is set at 40 percent of the median per capita disposable income of rural residents.Appropriate poverty standards are set in four aspects,namely,education,health,social security and external communication.When the level of development and the gap between urban and rural development in poor areas have been raised to a certain extent,a unified standard of relative poverty should be gradually explored.