历史记忆与国家意志:俄罗斯“二战史观”教育的主旨及意义

Historical Memory and National Will:The Key Findings and Significance of the Education of “Views on the History of World War Ⅱ” in Russia

2020年是世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年。作为世界反法西斯战争的主要战胜国之一,俄罗斯始终铭记1941-1945年抗击纳粹的卫国战争历史,并从国家层面采取多种举措维护和巩固胜利成果,形成以国家法律为保障、军事爱国主义教育为核心、仪式表达为主题形式、常态化教育为基础内容的稳定体系架构。通过宏观政策支持、制定统一历史评价标准与教材、充实完善教学内容、设置丰富的课外活动等对青少年开展"二战史观"教育。同时,还将"二战史观"所具有的国际性共同价值诉诸周边国家的"共同记忆",在共同的历史记忆中,彰显俄罗斯"珍爱和平"的国家意志。俄罗斯"二战史观"教育的成功经验,对各国人民共同维护战后世界和平具有重要意义。

The year 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War.As one of the main victors in the anti-fascist war,Russia has always remembered the history of the Great Patriotic War against the Nazis from 1941 to 1945,and has taken many measures at the national level to consolidate the victory results,forming a stable system structure with national laws as the guarantee,military patriotism education as the core,ceremony expression as the thematic form,and normalized education as the basic content.The education of"Views on the history of World WarⅡ"for young people has been launched by macro-policy support,formulating unified historical evaluation standards and teaching materials,enriching and perfecting teaching content,and setting up rich extracurricular activities,etc.At the same time,it also appeals to the"common memories"of neighboring countries for the international common values of the historical view of World WarⅡ.In the common historical memories of"Looking Back at War",Russian national will to"cherish peace"was demonstrated.Drawing on the successful experience of the education of"Views on the history of World WarⅡ"in Russia is of great significance to the people of all countries in safeguarding post-war peace.