法教义学视野下的“明确的被告”

"Clear Defendant" from the Perspective of Legal Education

过去民事诉讼法学界对于起诉条件的研究过于重视理论的构建,而缺乏对于法规范体系和司法实践的关注,因而无法指引实践中的规则适用,"明确的被告"这一起诉条件便是典型。现行有关"明确的被告"起诉条件的法律和司法解释,虽然不够体系化,但经过教义学方法的梳理,可以理顺其逻辑关系并确定面向司法实践需求的规则适用指引。"明确的被告"这一起诉条件,在实践中呈现出裁判方式的单一化、对司法解释的错误理解和适用、标准的高阶化等问题,这些问题都有其内在、深层的原因。我国可以考虑引入驳回诉状的裁判方法,建立对"明确的被告"的二阶段审查制度来解决上述问题。

In the past time,the research of the conditions of suit in China has always been overvaluing the construction of theory,without concerning about the rules system or judicial exercise.The condition about"explicit defendant"is one of the typical.The valid rules about"explicit defendant",though not so systematic,can still be instructional under the Dogmatics of law.In the judicial exercise,"explicit defendant"expose three problems,the simplification of the way of judging,the wrong comprehension and application of rules,and the high standard,above of which have the internal or deep reasons.To solve those problems,we can introduce the rule of reject of complaint,and establish the system of two-stage review.