1930年代中日现代诗歌写作比较

The Comparative Study between Chinese and Japanese Modern Poetry during the 1930s

现代主义诗歌在1930年代的中日两国均已得到发展,并与世界性的现代主义诗歌潮流同步。中日战争的爆发改变了两国现代主义诗歌的发展轨迹,也改变了20世纪以来中日现代诗交互式的影响关系。军国主义日本对外不断侵略扩张,对内施行严苛的言论控制,大量出现于日本侵华诗当中的"中国"意象成为该时期日本现代诗沦为国家意志宣传工具的表征。《我思》《四季》等国粹主义诗刊取代现代诗派与普罗诗派文学刊物的地位,主导日本现代诗坛。同时,大批诗人的创作意识发生由现代主义转向狭隘的民族主义,如高村光太郎向日本汉诗文传统复归,三好达治向日本传统感性复归,田中克己的封建主义倾向等。大量事实表明,诗的国粹主义政治工具化导致日本现代主义诗歌艺术退行,与在抗战期实现艺术拓展的中国现代主义诗歌形成鲜明对照。另一方面,日本反战诗人小熊秀雄、金子光晴与中国诗人的交流意义深远;西方诗人威廉·燕卜荪、W.H.奥登在中日两国开展的诗歌教学与交流活动增进了两国现代诗在世界现代主义文学潮流中的内在关联。1930年代的中日现代诗写作的比较研究为今日两国现代诗歌展开深入对话与交流奠定了基础。

Since the 1930 s,the Japanese and Chinese modernist poetry have developed and realized synchronization with the world.The outbreak of the war changed the path of Japanese and Chinese modern poetry’s development and the interactive influence relationship between the two countries’modern poetry since the 20 th century.The militaristic Japan invaded other countries externally and implemented strict press/speech control internally.The image of"China"has become a symbol of modern Japanese poetry becoming a propaganda tool of the state.The nationalism and revivalism periodicals such as Kogito,Siki,have replaced the position of modernist and proletarian publications that leading the Japanese modern poem circle.Meanwhile,the creating consciousness of Japanese modern poets had been a dramatic shift away from modernism towards nationalistic’atavism’.For example,Koutarou TAKAMURA who returned to the tradition of Japanese Chinese poetry,Tatsuji MIYOSHI who returned to the Japanese traditional perception and Katumi TANAKA who returned to the feudalism.Many facts show that the art of modern poetry in Japan had been stagnated which significantly differ from Chinese modern poetry in Anti-Japanese War period.On the other hand,the communications between Chinese and Japanese anti-war poets in the war time are of far-reaching significance.And the teaching and exchanging activities in China and Japan of west modernist poets such as William Empson and W.H.Auden strengthened the connection between Chinese and Japanese poetry in the global modernism poem tide.This study established foundation to the dialogue and communication between Chinese and Japanese modern poetry in the age of peace and development.