2021—2022年济南市某中学初中生常见病监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of common diseases of junior high school students in a middle school in Jinan City from 2021 to 2022

目的分析济南市某学校初中生视力不良、龋齿、营养状况,为常见病防治提供科学依据。方法对济南市某中学2021—2022年全部在校初中生的健康体检信息进行分析和比较。结果该校初中生视力不良检出率为79.92%,其中女生(83.26%)高于男生(76.97%)(χ^(2)=11.145,P=0.001);视力不良检出率初三(86.63%)>初二(80.85%)>初一(71.83%)(χ^(2)=40.840,P<0.001)。轻度、中度、重度视力不良检出率分别为7.59%、21.40%和50.94%;超重检出率为19.14%,肥胖检出率为23.54%;消瘦检出率为1.6%。男生超重和肥胖合计检出率为50.41%(486/964),高于女生的33.96%(290/854)(χ^(2)=50.131,P<0.001);男生消瘦检出率为2.28%(22/964),亦高于女生的0.82%(7/854)(χ^(2)=6.170,P=0.013)。女生龋患率为22.95%,高于男生的15.35%(χ^(2)=17.041,P<0.001)。结论该学校初中生常见病以视力不良最为突出,并且女生的视力不良率较高。男生超重、肥胖、消瘦检出率均较高,应有针对性地进行健康干预。

Objective To analyze the poor vision,dental caries,and nutritional status of juniorhigh school students in a school in Jinan City,so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of common diseases.Methods The health physical examination information of all junior middle school students ina middle school in Jinan City was analyzed and compared from 2021 to 2022.Results The detection rate of poor visual acuity was 79.92%,the prevalence of poor visual acuity in girls(83.26%)was higher than that in boys(76.97%)(χ^(2)=11.145,P=0.001);the detection rate of poor visual acuity in grade 3(86.63%)>grade 2(80.85%)>grade 1(71.83%)(χ^(2)=40.840,P<0.001).The visual acuity detection rates of mild,moderate,and severe were 7.59%,21.40%,and 50.94%,respectively.The prevalence ratesof overweight and obesity were 19.14%and 23.54%,respectively,and malnutrition was 1.6%.The total detection rate of overweight and obesity in boys was50.41%(486/964),which were higher than that(33.96%,290/854)in girls(χ^(2)=50.131,P<0.001).The rate of malnutrition in boys(2.28%,22/964)was higher than that in girls(0.82%,7/854)(χ^(2)=6.170,P=0.013).The prevalence of dental caries in girls was 22.95%,which was higher than that in boys(15.35%)(χ^(2)=17.041,P<0.000).Conclusions The common disease of junior high school students in this school is poor vision,and the rate of poor vision in girls is higher than that in boys.The detection rates of overweight,obesity,and emaciation in boys were higher,and therefore,targeted health interventions should be carried out.