感知音乐时空的符号体系

Perception of the Symbolic System in Music Time and Space

音乐的时空仿佛永远不具有定式,因为时间在流逝,不曾重复,与人们“相遇”的空间形式就不会完全相同。面对错综复杂、变幻莫测时空结构,人们莫衷一是。倘若我们把音乐比作一头“象”,体验音乐的每一个人好比成语故事里面的“盲人”。“象”在自然中,“象”也在我们心里。音乐分析就好比盲人摸象。我们体验音乐需要感知音响多种参数,谓之音乐的初级感知结构,此外更需要把握音乐时空符号体系——对音响事件及其在时空展衍现象的综合、抽象判断能力——谓之音乐听知觉的高级结构能力。本文将梳理与讨论西方的传统作曲“四大件”以及20世纪以来当代几个突出的音乐理论学派,其中所隐含的感知音乐时空符号体系的方法与思路,再结合当代认知心理学理论,思考音乐心理审美感知的基本原理,对一些尚未被既有理论体系作独立重要论题研究的现象提出关注。

It is as if the time and space in music are never fixed,for the time passes without repetition and thus the spatial forms of"meeting"with people will not be exactly the same.Facing the intricate and unpredictable space-time structure,people are hard to reach a consensus.If we compare music to an elephant,everyone who experiences music is like the"blind man"in the Chinese idiom story.The"elephant"is in nature,and also in our hearts.Music analysis is like the blind man feeling the elephant.To experience music,we need to perceive various parameters of sound,which is called the primary perception structure of music.In addition,we need to grasp the symbolic system in music time and space-comprehensive and abstract judgment ability in sound event and its development phenomenon in time and space-which is known as the advanced structural ability of music listening perception.This paper sorts out and discusses the methods and ideas of perceiving the symbolic system in music time and space implied in the"four major courses"of traditional Western composition and several prominent contemporary music theory schools since the 20th century.Furthermore,combining contemporary cognitive psychology theory,the paper also reflects on basic principles of psychological aesthetic perception in music and puts attention on those phenomena that have not been independently studied from the existing theoretical systems.