垃圾分类减量政策对城市生活垃圾产生量的影响——基于上海市的实证研究

The Impact of Waste Classification and Reduction Policies on Urban Domestic Waste Production——An Empirical Study Based on Shanghai City

随着经济社会的迅猛发展,城市快速扩张的同时,也面临着生活垃圾堆积成山的问题。作为全国第一批垃圾分类试点城市之一,上海市为了推动生活垃圾分类减量,于2014年颁布并开始实行《上海市促进生活垃圾分类减量办法》。基于2009-2019年上海及其他对照城市的生活垃圾产生量的面板数据构建双重差分模型,回归估计结果显示,上海市生活垃圾的产生量相比于未实施政策的对照组城市有了显著的下降。经过安慰剂、反事实等稳健性检验后,核心结论依旧稳健,说明垃圾分类减量政策对城市生活垃圾产生量有着真实影响,发挥了其应有的政策效应。在政策优化方面,政府应该制定商品包装物减量的相关规定,提倡节约用纸、“光盘行动”和净菜上市,同时加强垃圾分类减量的宣传教育。

With the rapid economic and social development,cities are expanding rapidly and at the same time facing the problem of piling up mountains of domestic garbage.As one of the first pilot cities for waste classification in China,Shanghai promulgated and began to implement the“Shanghai Measures for Promoting the Classification and Reduction of Domestic Waste”in 2014 in order to promote the classification and reduction of domestic waste.A double difference model was constructed based on the panel data of domestic waste generation in Shanghai and other control cities from 2009-2019,and the regression estimation results showed that the generation of domestic waste in Shanghai had a significant decrease compared to the control cities that did not implement the policy.After placebo,counterfactual and other robustness tests,the core findings remain robust,indicating that the waste classification and reduction policy has a real impact on the amount of domestic waste generated in the city and plays its due policy effect.In terms of policy optimization,the government should formulate relevant regulations on the reduction of commodity packaging,promote paper saving,“CD-ROM action”and the listing of clean vegetables,and at the same time strengthen the publicity and education on waste classification and reduction.