诉讼请求之变更程序研究

The Change Procedure of Litigation Claims

诉讼请求是原告请求法院作出裁判的具体事项,诉讼请求的变更是司法实践中常见的诉讼行为。诉讼请求的变更既关系原告诉权的实现,又影响被告诉讼防御利益,同时也关涉法院纠纷解决的彻底性和诉讼经济利益。现行立法关于变更诉讼请求的变更程序缺乏细致的规定,难以保障程序安定。宣示性条款仅侧重原告变更诉讼请求的权利,而对被告享有的与之对应的诉讼权利未加涉及,有违诉权平等原则。对于变更诉讼请求的程序,未来我国应当设置被告异议权、形式要件及通知要件、救济途径、例外情况及兜底条款、期限设置等程序规定,以便该项程序的运行能够兼顾原告、被告及法院三方的利益。

litigation claims are specific requests that the plaintiff requires the court to make a judgment,and the change of litigation request is a common litigation behavior in judicial practice.Changing of litigation claims is not only related to the realization of the plaintiff’s litigation right,but also affects the defendant’s litigation defense interests,as well as the thoroughness of court dispute resolution and litigation economic interests.Currently,Chinese legislations lack detailed provisions on the change procedure on this question,and this leads to be difficult to ensure procedure stability.Declarative clauses only focus on the plaintiff’s right of changing their claims,but do not involve the defendant’s corresponding litigation rights,which violates equality of litigation rights principle.In the future,China should set up procedural provisions such as the defendant’s right of objection,formal requirements and notice requirements,relief channels,exceptions and bottom clauses,time-limited clauses,and some other procedural provisions,so that the operation of this procedure can take the interests of the plaintiff,the defendant and the court into account.