《大清律例》盗行为之阶段论

The Stages of Theft Behaviour in Qing Code

《大清律例》盗律体系中,有类似于现代刑法学中关于"犯罪的特殊形态"的划分,区分"未成盗"与"已成盗",律典对"未成盗"处罚的前提是"已行",但实践中对"已行"之前的"预备"阶段也可能进行处罚。盗行为导致的事主失足身死及窘迫自尽会加重对行为人的处罚,但不能用现代刑法学中的结果加重犯理论简单比拟。发冢行为虽较普通盗行为特殊,在处罚上亦是行为程度愈深而愈重。古今法律具体规则不尽相同,但均符合"罪行越大,绞架越高"的原理。

The system of Dao Lv in the Qing Code is similar to the division of"special forms of crime"in modern criminal law,which distinguishes"unfinished theft"from"finished theft".The premise of punishment for"unfinished theft"in the code is"committed",but in practice,the"preparatory"stage before"committed"may also be punished.The theft that leads to the owner’s accidental death and suicide will aggravate the punishment to the actor,however,it cannot be simply compared with the theory of aggravated consequential offence in modern criminal law.Fa Zhong is a special behaviour compared with ordinary theft,but it also obey the same regulation that the more serious the behaviour,the more severe the punishment.The specific rules of ancient and modern laws are different,but they all conform to the principle of"the greater the crime,the higher the gallows".