基层司法机关人财物统管的审思——基于事权与支出责任视角

Reflection on Unified Management of Staffs,Funds and Properties in Grass-Roots Judiciary:From the Perspective of Authority and Expenditure Responsibility

新时代,司法改革的顶层推进以"司法权是中央事权"为理论前提。司法权是以裁判权为核心的权利束,是司法立法、司法裁判和司法行政的整体呈现。事权是财税领域常用概念,描述政府处理行政事务之权力、责任与义务的综合反应。司法权与事权并无逻辑上的联系,而是作为司法裁判权派生权的司法行政具备事权之属性。但是,这并非中央政府专属事权。基层司法机关人财物管理是司法行政的重要事项,属于中央政府和省级政府共享事权。根据事权与支出责任相适应原则,中央政府和省级政府共同承担基层司法机关人财物的支出责任,具体可通过支出责任的规范化、独立司法预算的设置、支出责任标准的明确、支出管理体制的改革等措施予以落实。

In the new era,the top-down judicial reform is based on the theory that judicial power is the central authority.Judicial power is a bundle of rights centered upon jurisdiction,which is a holistic integration of judicial legislation,judicial adjudication and judicial administration.The authority is a unique concept in the field of fiscal taxation,describing the comprehensive reaction of the government’s power,responsibility and obligation to deal with administrative affairs.There is no logical connection between judicial power and authority,but the judicial administrative power derived from jurisdiction has the property of authority of office.However,this kind of authority is not exclusive to the central government.Unified management of staffs,funds and properties in grass-roots judiciary is an important part of the judicial administration,which belongs to the shared authority of the central government and the provincial government.In accordance with the principle that authority should match the responsibility of expenditure,the central and provincial governments share the expenditure responsibility of staffs,funds and properties of grass-roots judiciary.Specific measures for implementation may include the standardizing expenditure responsibility,setting up independent judicial budget,clarifying the expenditure responsibility standard and optimizing the expenditure management system.