句法-形态接口视域下的汉语存现句研究

A Morphosyntactic Analysis of Existential Sentences in Chinese

本文考察汉语存现句中的显性动词V,发现其存在方式状语修饰限制。在分布式形态学理论框架下,我们提出存现句中的显性动词V不是句子的主要动词,存现句的主要动词为表存在、隐现的轻动词?HOLD/OCCUR,它选择存现对象NP为补足语,处所短语LocP为标示语。表状态的体标记"着/了"选择?HOLD/OCCURP为补足语。动词V不带题元信息,只有语类特征,在句法完成后的形态/音系层才引入句中,以词根的形式与轻动词进行外部形态合并,旨在满足轻动词的词缀特性,并充实其语义,表存在或促成隐现的方式。词根V的选择可能会受到轻动词及"着/了"的语义、语用选择限制。

This paper explores the internal structure of existential sentences in Chinese from a morphosyntactic perspective.Manner adverbial modification restriction has been observed in this construction.Under the framework of Distributed Morphology,we propose that the main verb of an existential sentence is a light verb?HOLD/OCCUR,denoting existence/(dis)appearance,which selects NP as complement and LocP as Spec.Zhe/Le,head of AspP,selects?HOLD/OCCURP as complement.The seeming verb V is unavailable in syntax but to be introduced into the derivation until at the morphological/phonological level.As a bare root with only verbal category feature,the V is merged with?HOLD/OCCUR via external morphological merger to satisfy the affixal properties of the light verb,denoting the manner of existence or the manner of causing(dis)appearance.The selection of the root V may be constrained semantically and pragmatically by?HOLD/OCCUR and zhe/le.