轨交枢纽站域演进历程中地下空间的作用与规划方法——以东京站城为例

The Function and Planning Method of Underground Space in the Evolution Process of Rail Transit Hub Area: A Case Study of Tokyo Station City

轨交枢纽站域城市空间演进的过程中,随政治、社会、经济、技术条件的不断变化,在不同时期,站域地下空间的开发利用受到不同且复杂的需求与动因驱动,具有不同的规划目标和方法,也呈现不同的作用机理。文章以有百年历史的东京站为例,将其站域地下空间规划划分为“平灾结合意识”“交通基础设施需求”和“公共服务供给”主导的三个阶段,在此基础上,深入分析各阶段东京站域地下空间的不同作用、实际作用机理和规划方法,指出经济、技术、社会或政治等方面抽象价值的主导作用。研究旨在从宏观时间尺度研究轨交枢纽站域演进历程中不同阶段的地下空间规划方法,挖掘站域地下空间规划的根本机制,从中获得更客观的经验,以应用于轨交枢纽站域这类城市重要生长点的长期发展。

During the space evolution of urban rail transit hub area,political,social,economic and technical conditions change continuously.As the consequence,the demand and motivation that drive the development and utilization of underground space within station area also vary with time,asking for different appropriate planning methods,and resulting in different function mechanisms.This paper takes the Tokyo Station area as the subject of a case study and divides the planning of its underground space into three stages which were led respectively by the’awareness of integrated design for both peacetime and emergencies’,the’demand for transportation infrastructure’and the’supply of public services’.Different function mechanisms and planning methods of the underground space within the Tokyo Station area in each stage are analyzed based on this division.It is indicated that the abstract values in the aspect of politics,society,economy,or technology played the leading role in the planning.By studying the underground space planning methods within urban rail transit hub area in different stages of its evolution process from macro time scale,this paper aims to explore the fundamental mechanism of underground space planning within station area that can be applied to the long-term development of those growth-point area in cities.