碳中和视角下日本能源转型动因及实施路径

Motivation and Implementation Path of Energy Transition in Japan from the Perspective of Carbon Neutrality

日本长期以来一直致力于以低碳减排为目的的能源转型,特别是以2011年福岛核事故发生为重要节点,在核能遭受重创和减排任务更加严峻的背景下,调整了转型目标并进一步加快了转型步伐。为实现2050年碳中和目标,日本计划进一步提高能源效率并推动节能,尽快提升以可再生能源为代表的新能源在能源供应体系中的占比,同时以确保安全为前提重振核能。为此,日本积极调整相关政策,分别从生产和消费两方面入手优化能源供需,鼓励企业的技术创新,综合运用市场机制及各类政策工具提供支持保障。目前来看,日本的能源转型取得了一定的成效,减少传统化石能源占比的同时实现了单位产值能源消耗量的减少,但未来在碳中和目标下继续推进能源转型,可能面临着可再生能源受自然条件影响较大、核事故遗留问题、政府支持补贴带来的财政压力等多方面的挑战。

Japan has long been committed to low-carbon emission reduction for the purpose of energy transition,especially after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident,in the context of nuclear energy suffered heavy losses and more serious emission reduction tasks,adjusted the transformation goals and further accelerated the pace of transformation.In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050,Japan plans to further improve energy efficiency and promote energy conservation,as soon as possible to increase the proportion of new energy represented by renewable energy in the energy supply system,while ensuring safety as the premise of reviving nuclear energy.Japan has actively adjusted its policies,optimizing energy supply and demand from both production and consumption,encouraging technological innovation of enterprises,and comprehensively using market mechanisms and various policy tools to provide support and guarantee.At present,Japan's energy transition has been quite effective,reducing the proportion of traditional fossil energy while achieving a reduction in energy consumption per unit of output value,but in the future to continue to promote energy transition under the goal of carbon neutrality,may face many challenges such as renewable energy is greatly affected by natural conditions,the legacy of nuclear accidents,and the financial pressure brought by government support subsidies.