日本城乡融合发展的财政扶持政策及其效应研究

Research on Financial Support Policies and Their Effects on the Integration of Urban and Rural Development in Japan

财政扶持政策对于促进乡村振兴、城市反哺农村及城乡融合发展具有重要意义。泡沫经济破灭以后,在推进城镇化进程中,日本乡村地区出现了人口外流、劳动力短缺、老龄化严峻等诸多问题。为了促进城乡融合发展,日本政府通过财政扶持政策补贴乡村活性化建设、城乡共生对流、乡村旅游事业。这三项财政补贴政策以定额补助形式给予扶持,呈现出全过程和多方位补助的特征。全过程特征体现为补贴政策覆盖到项目实施前期调查、具体实施以及后期信息推广等事前、事中、事后所有阶段;多方位特征体现为财政补贴大力支持乡村基础设施整备的同时注重文化挖掘、人才引育、网络平台构建以及信息的收集利用等多个领域。三项补助政策的实施不仅改善了乡村人居环境,而且通过人才、信息的交流,提高了农民收入和乡村活力,促进了城乡的进一步融合。基于此,我国在推进城乡融合发展过程中,需要将基础设施建设和人才引进工作相结合,引导各地因地施策,注重对项目建设的全过程支持,提高财政资金的使用效率,盘活农村资源,实现全体人民共同富裕。

Financial support policies are of great significance for promoting rural revitalization,urban feedback to rural areas,and urban-rural integration and development.After the bursting of the foam economy,in the process of promoting urbanization,many problems have emerged in Japan's rural areas,such as population outflow,labor shortage,and severe aging.In order to promote the integration and development of urban and rural areas,the Japanese government subsidizes rural revitalization construction,urban-rural symbiosis and convection,and rural tourism through financial support policies.These three fiscal subsidy policies are supported in the form of fixed subsidies,exhibiting the characteristics of full process and multi-dimensional subsidies.The characteristics of the entire process are reflected in the subsidy policy covering all stages before,during,and after the project implementation,such as preliminary investigation,specific implementation,and information promotion.The multi-dimensional characteristics are reflected in the strong support of financial subsidies for rural infrastructure preparation,while paying attention to multiple fields such as cultural exploration,talent cultivation,network platform construction,and intelligence collection and utilization.The implementation of the three subsidy policies not only improved the rural living environment,but also increased farmers'income and rural vitality through the exchange of talent and information,promoting further integration between urban and rural areas.Based on this,in the process of promoting rural revitalization and urban-rural integration,China needs to combine infrastructure construction and talent introduction,guide local policies,focus on the whole process of project construction support,improve the use efficiency of financial funds,revitalize rural resources,and achieve common prosperity for all people.