帕金森病神经环路机制研究进展

Advances in neural circuit mechanism in Parkinson’s disease

帕金森病是临床常见的神经退行性疾病,临床症状异质性强,病情呈渐进性加重,其病理核心特征为黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元凋亡,但这一病理特征仅能解释部分症状。随着神经电生理监测、fMRI、光遗传学等技术的发展,目前普遍认为,多巴胺能神经元凋亡诱发的神经环路功能障碍是帕金森病发生发展的重要机制,也是脑深部电刺激术等多种治疗措施的干预靶点。本文对近年帕金森病神经环路机制研究进展如帕金森病常见症状、神经环路模型,以及异常神经电活动模式等进行概述,以为临床研究提供思路。

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disease with strong heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and progressive aggravation.The core pathological feature is the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatum,but this pathological feature can only explain part of the symptom.With the development of electrophysiological recording,fMRI,optogenetics and other technologies,it has been found that neural circuit dysfunction after dopaminergic neuron apoptosis is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of PD,as well as many therapeutic measures such as deep brain stimulation(DBS)intervention target.This article reviews the research progress of PD neural circuit mechanism in recent years,including common symptoms of PD,neural circuit models,and abnormal electrical activity patterns,to provide ideas for clinical research.