加拿大安全政策新变化探析

Current Changes in Canada’s Security Policy

近年加拿大的安全政策发生了显著变化,军事上通过一系列大额军费支出逆转了军事投入持续走低的趋势;经济上,大力限制所谓“非民主国家”境内投资,并与其他西方“民主国家”共建供应链壁垒,改变其在全球推行自由市场经济的一贯立场;情报安全上,重心由反恐转向防范高科技领域的间谍活动和对其民主制度的“颠覆活动”。究其原因,首先是美国将大国竞争升级至各个领域,并要求加拿大等盟国全面深度参与;其次是美国战略防御意识提升、科技在现代战事中作用增强以及加拿大在北极防务中所处的特殊地位,使加在美国全球安全战略中的地位凸显;再次是加拿大对自由国际主义的身份认同被削弱。加拿大安全政策“美国化”的趋势在短期内难以逆转,其变化将主要取决于美国安全政策的走向。与此同时,中加安全合作仍有值得探索的空间。

Canada’s security policy has changed significantly in recent years.In terms of military security,a series of significant defense investments have reversed the decline of Canada’s military input.From the perspective of economic security,Canada’s time-honored philosophy of free market economy has been sidelined by restrictions on free investment by the so-called non-democratic countries to Canada and attempts to establish supply chains within the western democratic countries.In terms of intelligence security,Canada’s focus has been shifted from anti-terrorism to anti-espionage in the hi-tech domain and subversive activities against its democracy.The causes for these changes may be three-fold.First,the US has comprehensively upgraded its great power rivalry and demanded deeper involvement from its allies such as Canada.Second,Canada’s significance in US global security strategy has been increased due to a US balance towards strategic defense,new roles played by high technology in modern warfare and Canada’s unique position in the Arctic defense.Third,Canada’s weakened identification with liberal internationalism has been an underlying root cause.The Americanization tendency of Canada’s security policy will stay for a considerable time and possibility for changes rests in the changes in US security policy.In the meantime,there remains space for exploration for China–Canada security collaboration.