论债务人的继承人放弃继承之程序进行

Study on the Proceeding of a Debt Claim when the Debtor Died and All the Debtor’s Heirs Disclaimed Inheritance

债务人在诉讼前或诉讼中死亡,虽留有遗产但其继承人均放弃遗产继承,此时程序应如何进行构成民事审判实务中的一个疑难问题。不同法院莫衷一是,创设了多种多样的处理办法,但都缺乏足够的规范依据与法理基础。这一问题既源于《继承法》采用"继承人中心主义"的立法模式,对遗产债权人保护不周,又有《民事诉讼法》未提供相应程序救济的原因。随着《民法典(草案)》增设遗产管理制度,民诉法学界有必要对遗产管理程序展开研讨,形成实体与程序的衔接融合,为该问题的妥当解决提供方案。

If a debtor died before the creditor brings a debt claim against her/him or died during such a claim,with inheritance left but all his/her heirs declared to give up inheritance,then how the procedure should be conducted constitutes a difficult problem in the practice of civil trial. Different courts react differently and have created a variety of methods. However,all the methods lack sufficient normative and jurisprudential basis. This dilemma is mainly due to two reasons. One lies in the inadequate protection of inheritance creditors under the "heir-centered"model adopted by the current Inheritance Law. The other rests with the deficiency in Civil Procedure Law,not providing inheritance creditors with corresponding procedural relief. With the addition of inheritance management system in the ongoing Civil Code( Draft),it is now necessary for civil procedure academics to study and discuss the inheritance management procedures,to form a convergence of substantive law and procedural law,and to provide a proper solution to this problem.