肝脏类器官的构建及应用研究

Study on the Formation Mechanism and Application of Liver Organoids

类器官作为一种新的“模式生物”,由于其组成、结构和功能与体内器官非常接近,可为探究人体发育、疾病发生机制及筛选高通量药物等提供一个全新的工具。最近的研究表明,干细胞或肝实质细胞在特定细胞外基质及多种信号分子的协同作用下,可形成“肝脏类器官”。考虑到肝脏疾病诊治的迫切需要,人们亟待深入了解肝脏类器官的形成机制及其应用潜力。该文综述了近几年肝脏类器官的研究现况,对于体外快速、高效地建立结构和功能完善的肝脏类器官以及将其应用于肝脏疾病的研究与治疗具有重要意义。

Organoids,as a new“model organism”,can provide a new tool for the study of human development,disease occurrence and the screening of high-throughput drug due to their composition,structure and function are very similar to those of internal organs.Recent studies have shown that stem cells and liver parenchymal cells can form“liver organoids”under the synergistic action of specific extracellular matrix and various signaling molecules.Considering the urgent need of diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases,it is necessary to deeply understand the formation mechanism and application potential of liver organoids.This paper summarizes the current status of liver organoids research,which is of great significance for the rapid and efficient establishment of liver organoids with perfect structure and function in vitro and the study and treatment of liver diseases.