沈阳市大学新生首次性行为年龄及HIV相关高危行为的关联性分析

Correlation analysis of the age at first intercourse and HIV-related high risk behaviors among freshmen in Shenyang

目的掌握大学新生性行为发生率及其首次性行为年龄变化趋势和与艾滋病病毒(HIV)相关高危性行为关联性等特征,为有针对性地对在校学生开展HIV相关健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方式选取沈阳市3所高等院校的大一新生作为调查对象,通过手机扫描二维码开展匿名式互联网在线问卷调查。结果共有1 208名学生参与并完成了问卷调查,调查对象的平均年龄为(18.51±0.95)岁,男女比例为1∶2,调查对象的性行为发生率为19.0%(其中男生40.5%,女生7.8%);调查对象的性伴侣为异性、同性及同性和异性均有的比例分别为92.2%、6.5%和1.3%;不同年龄组的首次性行为年龄差异有统计学意义(≥20岁组、19岁组、18岁组以及<18岁组发生首次性行为的年龄分别为18岁、18岁、17岁和16岁,Log Rank χ^2=66.049, P <0.001);大学生首次性行为未使用安全套的比例为32.2%;近一年发生过性行为者中36.5%性伴数≥2人;相对于首次性行为年龄大于18岁者,首次性行为年龄小于18岁者的大学生首次性行为中未使用安全套(41.7%vs.25.4%)、近一年性伴数≥2人(42.7%vs.32.1%)及近一年性行为中从不使用安全套(12.2%vs. 3.7%)的比例均显著更高(P均<0.05)。结论沈阳市大学生性行为发生率较高且HIV相关危险性行为较多,首次性行为年龄呈日益年轻化趋势,且首次性行为发生较早者的HIV相关高危行为更突出,应在中小学阶段尽早对学生群体,尤其男生启动性健康、性道德及艾滋病防控教育,以降低大学生群体无保护HIV相关高危行为及感染HIV的风险。

Objective To understand sexual behavior, the age at first intercourse and HIV-related high-risk behaviors of freshmen in colleges, and to provide evidence for HIV-related health education among students. Methods The first-year college students of 3 universities in Shenyang were selected as survey objects by cluster sampling. A total of 1 208 students participated in the survey and completed an anonymous Internet online survey. Results The incidence of sexual behavior among the respondents was 19.0%(40.5% for male and 7.8% for female). There were statistical differences in age of first intercourse among different age groups, i.e. in age group ≥ 20 years whose first intercourse occurred at 18 years old, 19 years at 18 years old, 18 years at 17 years old and those < 18 years at 16 years old(χ^2=66.049, P < 0.001). Those with the first sexual intercourse at the age < 18 years were more likely not to use condom at intercourse(41.7% vs. 25.4%), to have more than two sexual partners(42.7% vs. 32.1%), and not to use condom at intercourse in the last year(12.2% vs. 3.7%). Conclusion The incidence of sexual intercourse in college students of Shenyang is high and risk of sexual behaviors is common. The age of the first intercourse is getting younger. Education on sexual health, and knowledge of HIV prevention and control should be initiated as early as possible in primary and secondary schools, esp. for male students, to reduce the risk of unsafe sexual behaviors and HIV infection among college students.