风沙草滩区盐碱地整治对土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of saline-alkali land regulation on soil physical and chemical properties in sandy beach area

为探究陕北风沙草滩区盐碱地整治改良效果,实施了盐碱地平整覆沙整治工程,本文以定边县白泥井镇北畔村盐碱地综合整治项目为例,对工程实施前、工程实施后以及种植玉米1a后覆沙对盐碱不同深度土层(0~10cm、10~20cm、20~40cm、40~60cm以及60~100cm)土壤结构和理化特性的影响进行了分析。结果表明:经过覆沙工程实施,土壤pH值较工程实施前降低了6.57%,经过1a的玉米种植,土壤pH值较工程实施后降低3.40%;土壤含盐量在工程实施后和种植玉米1a后总体上随土层深度的增加而增大,种植玉米1a后的土壤平均含盐量高出工程实施后55.53%,但耕作层土壤含盐量仅比工程实施后增大了10.26%,因此覆沙工程对耕作层土壤质量的改善具有显著促进作用。有效磷含量增加幅度显著大于速效钾增加幅度,盐碱土覆沙对土壤有效磷含量的增加作用更为明显。土壤全氮含量随着土层深度的增加而不断降低,种植玉米1a后,全氮含量较工程实施前后分别提高了68.70%和104.63%,有机质含量比工程实施前后分别高出41.57%和121.70%。平整覆沙工程的实施,有利于原有盐碱土壤理化特性的改善。

In order to explore the effects of saline-alkali land improvement in the sandy beach area of northern Shaanxi,a saline-alkali land leveling and sand-covering regulation project was implemented.This article takes the comprehensive management project of saline-alkali land in Beipan Village,Bainijing Town,Dingbian County as an example.Effects of sand mulching on soil structure and physical and chemical properties of soils at different depths of saline-alkali soil(0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm,and 60~100 cm)after 1 year of corn.The results show that after the implementation of the sand-covering project,the pH of the soil is reduced by 6.57%compared with that before the implementation of the project.After 1 year of corn planting,the pH of the soil is reduced by 3.40% compared with that after the implementation of the project.After 1 year,it generally increased with the increase of the depth of the soil layer.The average salt content of the soil after 1 year of planting corn was 55.53%higher than that after the implementation of the project,but the soil salt content of the tillage layer increased only 10.26% after the implementation of the project.Therefore,the sandcovering project has a significant promotion effect on the improvement of the soil quality of the tillage layer.The increase of available phosphorus content was significantly larger than that of available potassium,and the effect of saline-alkali soil sand-covering on the increase of available phosphorus content was more obvious.The total nitrogen content of the soil continued to decrease as the depth of the soil layer increased.After planting corn for 1 year,the total nitrogen content increased by 68.70%and 104.63%,respectively,compared to before and after the project,and the organic matter content was 41.57% and 121.70% higher than before and after the project,respectively.The implementation of the leveling and sand-covering project is beneficial to the improvement of the physical and chemical characteristics of the original saline-alkali soil.