施肥与耕作措施对土壤养分和小麦产量的影响

Effects of fertilization and tillage on soil nutrients and wheat yield

为研究有机肥用量与不同耕作方式对土壤质量的变化影响,更好地为农业生产提供科学依据。本文设置低量、中量、高量有机肥施用下结合免耕、翻耕、深松、深松翻耕等不同耕作方式,通过研究麦田土壤理化性质、养分变化以及产量的影响分析。结果表明:短期内施肥与耕作对土壤pH、全氮、有机碳含量变化影响较小;低量有机肥结合免耕或深松处理可降低土壤电导率,免耕下降幅度达3.4%;中量有机肥下免耕、深松处理有利于增加C/N,相比传统耕作分别增加0.9、0.8个百分比;低量有机肥结合翻耕以及中量有机肥结合免耕有利于增加土壤速效钾含量;低量有机肥结合免耕和深松处理,有利于小麦增产,且中量有机肥结合翻耕和翻耕+深松处理,可获高产。综合分析,建议该区避免施入较高有机肥,采用低量有机肥结合免耕措施,有助于土壤肥力提升,又能保证作物产量。

In order to study the effects of organic manure application and different tillage methods on soil quality and provide a scientific basis for agricultural production.In this paper,low-level,medium-level,and high-level quantity organic fertilizers were combined with traditional tillage,no-tillage,tillage,deep pine,and tillage after deep pine to analyzed the effects of soil physical and chemical properties,nutrient changes,and wheat yield.The results showed that short-term fertilization and tillage had little effect on soil pH,total nitrogen and organic carbon content;low-level organic fertilizer combined with no-tillage or deep pine treatment could reduce soil conductivity,and no-tillage decreased by 3.4%;No-tillage and deep-slung treatment under organic fertilizer is beneficial to increase C/N,which is 0.9 and 0.8 percentage points higher than traditional tillage.Low-level organic fertilizer combined with tillage and medium-weight organic fertilizer combined with no-tillage is beneficial to increase soil available potassium content.Low-level organic fertilizer combined with no-tillage and deep pine treatment is conducive to wheat yield increase,and medium-level quantity organic fertilizer combined with tillage and tillage after deep pine treatment could achieve high yield.Comprehensive analysis,it is recommended to avoid the application of higher organic fertilizer in this area,the use of low-level organic fertilizer combined with no-tillage measures could help soil fertility and ensure crop yield.