论发展不平衡视野下的乡村建设行动——兼议乡村转型的两种类型

An Analysis of the Rural Construction Action under the View of Unbalanced Development——Two types of Rural Transformation

改革开放以来,我国乡村转型过程与社会发展的整体形态紧密相关。改革开放后乡村市场化程度逐步提高,农村人财物纳入到全国统一的市场体系中配置,乡村在消除贫困的同时出现了发展不平衡问题。我国东部地区率先启动工业化和城镇化,获得了优势积累,形成了城市经济带动的乡村持续发展;与此同时,中西部地区人财物大量流出,乡村不断收缩。由此,我国乡村现代化变迁过程中出现了中西部地区“收缩型”与东部地区“扩张型”两种基本形态。这种现代化不均衡格局及其带来的乡村转型地区差异,要求政府主导的乡村建设行动必须在做到因地制宜的同时,将乡村建设放在城乡关系动态演变这一框架下规划,在行动策略上将不平衡现状当作机遇,利用好城乡二元条件,努力推动发展并实现更高水平的平衡,为进一步实现中国式现代化作准备。

Throughout the development process since the reform and opening up,the process of rural transformation in China is closely related to the overall form of social development.After the reform and opening up,the degree of rural marketization has gradually increased,and rural people and their property have been integrated into the national unified market system.While eliminating poverty in rural areas,unbalanced development has appeared.The eastern region of China took the lead in initiating industrialization and urbanization,gaining advantages and forming sustainable rural development within the urban economic belt.At the same time,a large number of people and their property flowed out of the central and western regions,and the countryside continued to shrink.Thus,in the process of rural modernization in China,there are two basic forms:“shrinking type”in the central and western regions and“expanding type”in the eastern regions.This unbalanced pattern of modernization and the regional differences in rural transformation require that government-led rural construction actions must not only adapt to local conditions,but also plan rural construction under the framework of dynamic evolution of urban-rural relations,take the unbalanced situation as an opportunity in action strategies,make good use of urban-rural dual conditions,and strive to promote development and achieve a higher level of balance to prepare for the further realization of Chinese-style modernization.