武威“王杖”简册的文本性质与文体功能

On the Text Nature and Stylistic Function of the Book of “King’s Scepter”

武威发现的与汉代“高年授王杖”制度有关的简册有三个,一是1959年磨咀子汉墓出土的“王杖十简”,二是1981年征集所得之“王杖诏书令册”,三是1989年旱滩坡汉墓出土之“王杖简册”。以往研究者多将此类文本界定为抄撮律令而成之“挈令”。考虑到三个王杖简册均出自墓葬,且与标志身份的“鸠杖”一同随葬等细节,以及“王杖十简”文本中提及墓主人幼伯的死亡时间等信息,有理由认为,此类简册应为配合丧礼而写作的“丧葬文书”。其文体功能则是一方面显示墓主人身份,另一方面也借用人间律令的权威昭告“地下”,以保证墓主人的特权不受到挑战。

There are three simple books related to the system of“awarding king’s scepter at a high age”were found in Wuwei in the Han Dynasty.One of them is the“Ten simple books of King’s scepter”unearthed from Mozuizi Han Tomb in 1959.The second one is the“Book of Imperial Edicts”collected in 1981,and the third one is the“Book of Imperial Edicts”unearthed from Hantanpo Han Tomb in 1989.In the past,the researchers have generally defined such texts as“Qiling”consisting of a collection of precepts.Considering the details of the three simple books of royal scepters,which are all from tombs and buried together with the“dove scepter”,the text of“Ten Notes of the King’s Scepter”mentions the time of death and other information of the tomb ownerYouBo.It is reasonable to believe that such notes should be written as“funeral documents”for funeral ceremonies.Its stylistic function shows the identity of the tomb owner,and it uses the authority of human laws to announce“underground”so as to ensure that the privileges of the tomb owner are not threatened.